Skip to Main Content

Referencing - APA 7th

APA 7th Referencing

The examples below will help you to understand the basic components of common reference types in the APA 7th style. Refer to the following APA publications for more examples:

APA 7th Referencing Examples

Journal articles:

Here is an example of an APA 7th reference for a journal article:

In-text citation:

(Gold, 2019) or According to Gold (2019) …

In the Reference List:

Description:

Articles are published within Journals.

The author's name is J. Gold. The article title is: Overcoming students' limiting viewpoints via learner & stress mindset teaching interventions. The article was published in The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences. The article appears in Volume 24, Issue 1, on pages 2805-2821.

Here is an example of a citation for a book:

In-text citation:

(Moran & Toner, 2017) or According to Moran and Toner (2017) …

In the reference list:


Description:

The author’s names are A. Moran and J. Toner. The book title is A critical introduction to sport psychology. It was published by Routledge.

Here is an example of a citation for a chapter from a book:

In-text citation:

(Shah, 2018) or Shah (2018) advocates ...

In the Reference List:

undefined


Description:

The big clue that this is a book chapter citation is the word In. It tells you that the chapter 'Big data analytics in higher education' is in the book Maximizing social science research through publicly accessible data sets, on pages 38-61.

Website

Here is an example of a citation for information from a website:

In-text citation:

(Association of Massage Therapists, n.d.) or The Association of Massage Therapists (n.d.) states that ...

In the Reference List:


Description:

The author’s name is the Association of Massage Therapists. The webpage title is Benefits of massage. There is no date given on the webpage. It was retrieved from the URL: http://www.amt.org.au/massage-and- you/benefits-of-massage.html

*Please note that there are various different ways to reference information found on webpages. Refer to the following guides for more examples:

APA Style has provided advice on how to cite ChatGPT.  When you include ChatGPT-generated text in your research or assignment, APA does not consider it  personal communication because there's no human involved. It's more like sharing the output of an algorithm. To give credit for the algorithm's work, create a reference list entry and add an in-text citation for the algorithm's author. This format can be adapted for other generative AI tools.

In-text citation

Parenthetical citation: (Author, 2023)

Example: (OpenAI, 2023)

Narrative citation: Author (2023)

Example: OpenAI (2023)

Reference List

Format:
Author. (Year). AI Tool (Version if applicable) [Large language model]. URL

Example:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

APA specifically suggests that if you have used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, explain how you used them in your methods section or a similar part of your assignment. For literature reviews, essays or other papers, describe how you used the tool in your introduction (if you relied on it heavily) and make sure to include the prompt you used and the generated text in your assignment.

Note: In-text citation is important, but it doesn’t explain how you used AI. You also need to clearly acknowledge how you used AI in your reference list or bibliography. Go to the section ‘Acknowledging use of AI tools’ for advice on how to do this.